feat!: Abusive content reporting (#6977)

This implements milestones 1. and 4. from **Task F. Moderation features: Reporting** (part of [amendment of the workplan](https://codeberg.org/forgejo/sustainability/src/branch/main/2022-12-01-nlnet/2025-02-07-extended-workplan.md#task-f-moderation-features-reporting) for NLnet 2022-12-035):

> 1. A reporting feature is implemented in the database. It ensures that content remains available for review, even if a user deletes it after a report was sent.

> 4. Users can report the most relevant content types (at least: issue comments, repositories, users)

### See also:
- forgejo/discussions#291
- forgejo/discussions#304
- forgejo/design#30

Reviewed-on: https://codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo/pulls/6977
Reviewed-by: Gusted <gusted@noreply.codeberg.org>
Reviewed-by: Otto <otto@codeberg.org>
Co-authored-by: floss4good <floss4good@disroot.org>
Co-committed-by: floss4good <floss4good@disroot.org>

custom/conf/app.example.ini

@@ -1572,6 +1572,15 @@ LEVEL = Info
 ;; - manage_gpg_keys: a user cannot configure gpg keys
 ;;EXTERNAL_USER_DISABLE_FEATURES =
 
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;[moderation]
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;; When true enables moderation capabilities; default is false.
+;; If enabled it will be possible for users to report abusive content (new actions are added in the UI and /report_abuse route will be enabled) and a new Moderation section will be added to Admin settings where the reports can be reviewed.
+;ENABLED = false
+
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;[openid]

models/issues/comment.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-// Copyright 2018 The Gitea Authors.
-// Copyright 2016 The Gogs Authors.
-// All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2016 The Gogs Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2018 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2024 The Forgejo Authors. All rights reserved.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 package issues
@@ -324,6 +324,9 @@ type Comment struct {
 	NewCommit   string                              `xorm:"-"`
 	CommitsNum  int64                               `xorm:"-"`
 	IsForcePush bool                                `xorm:"-"`
+
+	// If you add new fields that might be used to store abusive content (mainly string fields),
+	// please also add them in the CommentData struct and the corresponding constructor.
 }
 
 func init() {
@@ -1149,6 +1152,11 @@ func UpdateComment(ctx context.Context, c *Comment, contentVersion int, doer *us
 	}
 	defer committer.Close()
 
+	// If the comment was reported as abusive, a shadow copy should be created before first update.
+	if err := IfNeededCreateShadowCopyForComment(ctx, c); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	if err := c.LoadIssue(ctx); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -1184,6 +1192,12 @@ func UpdateComment(ctx context.Context, c *Comment, contentVersion int, doer *us
 // DeleteComment deletes the comment
 func DeleteComment(ctx context.Context, comment *Comment) error {
 	e := db.GetEngine(ctx)
+
+	// If the comment was reported as abusive, a shadow copy should be created before deletion.
+	if err := IfNeededCreateShadowCopyForComment(ctx, comment); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	if _, err := e.ID(comment.ID).NoAutoCondition().Delete(comment); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

models/issues/issue_update.go

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 // Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2024 The Forgejo Authors. All rights reserved.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 package issues
@@ -275,6 +276,11 @@ func ChangeIssueContent(ctx context.Context, issue *Issue, doer *user_model.User
 		}
 	}
 
+	// If the issue was reported as abusive, a shadow copy should be created before first update.
+	if err := IfNeededCreateShadowCopyForIssue(ctx, issue); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	issue.Content = content
 	issue.ContentVersion = contentVersion + 1
 

models/issues/moderation.go

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+// Copyright 2025 The Forgejo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package issues
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"forgejo.org/models/moderation"
+	"forgejo.org/modules/json"
+	"forgejo.org/modules/timeutil"
+)
+
+// IssueData represents a trimmed down issue that is used for preserving
+// only the fields needed for abusive content reports (mainly string fields).
+type IssueData struct {
+	RepoID         int64
+	Index          int64
+	PosterID       int64
+	Title          string
+	Content        string
+	ContentVersion int
+	CreatedUnix    timeutil.TimeStamp
+	UpdatedUnix    timeutil.TimeStamp
+}
+
+// newIssueData creates a trimmed down issue to be used just to create a JSON structure
+// (keeping only the fields relevant for moderation purposes)
+func newIssueData(issue *Issue) IssueData {
+	return IssueData{
+		RepoID:         issue.RepoID,
+		Index:          issue.Index,
+		PosterID:       issue.PosterID,
+		Content:        issue.Content,
+		Title:          issue.Title,
+		ContentVersion: issue.ContentVersion,
+		CreatedUnix:    issue.CreatedUnix,
+		UpdatedUnix:    issue.UpdatedUnix,
+	}
+}
+
+// CommentData represents a trimmed down comment that is used for preserving
+// only the fields needed for abusive content reports (mainly string fields).
+type CommentData struct {
+	PosterID       int64
+	IssueID        int64
+	Content        string
+	ContentVersion int
+	CreatedUnix    timeutil.TimeStamp
+	UpdatedUnix    timeutil.TimeStamp
+}
+
+// newCommentData creates a trimmed down comment to be used just to create a JSON structure
+// (keeping only the fields relevant for moderation purposes)
+func newCommentData(comment *Comment) CommentData {
+	return CommentData{
+		PosterID:       comment.PosterID,
+		IssueID:        comment.IssueID,
+		Content:        comment.Content,
+		ContentVersion: comment.ContentVersion,
+		CreatedUnix:    comment.CreatedUnix,
+		UpdatedUnix:    comment.UpdatedUnix,
+	}
+}
+
+// IfNeededCreateShadowCopyForIssue checks if for the given issue there are any reports of abusive content submitted
+// and if found a shadow copy of relevant issue fields will be stored into DB and linked to the above report(s).
+// This function should be called before a issue is deleted or updated.
+func IfNeededCreateShadowCopyForIssue(ctx context.Context, issue *Issue) error {
+	shadowCopyNeeded, err := moderation.IsShadowCopyNeeded(ctx, moderation.ReportedContentTypeIssue, issue.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if shadowCopyNeeded {
+		issueData := newIssueData(issue)
+		content, err := json.Marshal(issueData)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return moderation.CreateShadowCopyForIssue(ctx, issue.ID, string(content))
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// IfNeededCreateShadowCopyForComment checks if for the given comment there are any reports of abusive content submitted
+// and if found a shadow copy of relevant comment fields will be stored into DB and linked to the above report(s).
+// This function should be called before a comment is deleted or updated.
+func IfNeededCreateShadowCopyForComment(ctx context.Context, comment *Comment) error {
+	shadowCopyNeeded, err := moderation.IsShadowCopyNeeded(ctx, moderation.ReportedContentTypeComment, comment.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if shadowCopyNeeded {
+		commentData := newCommentData(comment)
+		content, err := json.Marshal(commentData)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return moderation.CreateShadowCopyForComment(ctx, comment.ID, string(content))
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

models/moderation/abuse_report.go

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+// Copyright 2025 The Forgejo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package moderation
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"errors"
+	"slices"
+
+	"forgejo.org/models/db"
+	"forgejo.org/modules/log"
+	"forgejo.org/modules/timeutil"
+
+	"xorm.io/builder"
+)
+
+// ReportStatusType defines the statuses a report (of abusive content) can have.
+type ReportStatusType int
+
+const (
+	// ReportStatusTypeOpen represents the status of open reports that were not yet handled in any way.
+	ReportStatusTypeOpen ReportStatusType = iota + 1 // 1
+	// ReportStatusTypeHandled represents the status of valid reports, that have been acted upon.
+	ReportStatusTypeHandled // 2
+	// ReportStatusTypeIgnored represents the status of ignored reports, that were closed without any action.
+	ReportStatusTypeIgnored // 3
+)
+
+type (
+	// AbuseCategoryType defines the categories in which a user can include the reported content.
+	AbuseCategoryType int
+
+	// AbuseCategoryItem defines a pair of value and it's corresponding translation key
+	// (used to add options within the dropdown shown when new reports are submitted).
+	AbuseCategoryItem struct {
+		Value          AbuseCategoryType
+		TranslationKey string
+	}
+)
+
+const (
+	AbuseCategoryTypeOther          AbuseCategoryType = iota + 1 // 1 (Other violations of platform rules)
+	AbuseCategoryTypeSpam                                        // 2
+	AbuseCategoryTypeMalware                                     // 3
+	AbuseCategoryTypeIllegalContent                              // 4
+)
+
+// GetAbuseCategoriesList returns a list of pairs with the available abuse category types
+// and their corresponding translation keys
+func GetAbuseCategoriesList() []AbuseCategoryItem {
+	return []AbuseCategoryItem{
+		{AbuseCategoryTypeSpam, "moderation.abuse_category.spam"},
+		{AbuseCategoryTypeMalware, "moderation.abuse_category.malware"},
+		{AbuseCategoryTypeIllegalContent, "moderation.abuse_category.illegal_content"},
+		{AbuseCategoryTypeOther, "moderation.abuse_category.other_violations"},
+	}
+}
+
+// ReportedContentType defines the types of content that can be reported
+// (i.e. user/organization profile, repository, issue/pull, comment).
+type ReportedContentType int
+
+const (
+	// ReportedContentTypeUser should be used when reporting abusive users or organizations.
+	ReportedContentTypeUser ReportedContentType = iota + 1 // 1
+
+	// ReportedContentTypeRepository should be used when reporting a repository with abusive content.
+	ReportedContentTypeRepository // 2
+
+	// ReportedContentTypeIssue should be used when reporting an issue or pull request with abusive content.
+	ReportedContentTypeIssue // 3
+
+	// ReportedContentTypeComment should be used when reporting a comment with abusive content.
+	ReportedContentTypeComment // 4
+)
+
+var allReportedContentTypes = []ReportedContentType{
+	ReportedContentTypeUser,
+	ReportedContentTypeRepository,
+	ReportedContentTypeIssue,
+	ReportedContentTypeComment,
+}
+
+func (t ReportedContentType) IsValid() bool {
+	return slices.Contains(allReportedContentTypes, t)
+}
+
+// AbuseReport represents a report of abusive content.
+type AbuseReport struct {
+	ID     int64            `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
+	Status ReportStatusType `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT 1"`
+	// The ID of the user who submitted the report.
+	ReporterID int64 `xorm:"NOT NULL"`
+	// Reported content type: user/organization profile, repository, issue/pull or comment.
+	ContentType ReportedContentType `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL"`
+	// The ID of the reported item (based on ContentType: user, repository, issue or comment).
+	ContentID int64 `xorm:"NOT NULL"`
+	// The abuse category selected by the reporter.
+	Category AbuseCategoryType `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL"`
+	// Remarks provided by the reporter.
+	Remarks string
+	// The ID of the corresponding shadow-copied content when exists; otherwise null.
+	ShadowCopyID sql.NullInt64      `xorm:"DEFAULT NULL"`
+	CreatedUnix  timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created NOT NULL"`
+}
+
+var ErrSelfReporting = errors.New("reporting yourself is not allowed")
+
+func init() {
+	// RegisterModel will create the table if does not already exist
+	// or any missing columns if the table was previously created.
+	// It will not drop or rename existing columns (when struct has changed).
+	db.RegisterModel(new(AbuseReport))
+}
+
+// IsShadowCopyNeeded reports whether one or more reports were already submitted
+// for contentType and contentID and not yet linked to a shadow copy (regardless their status).
+func IsShadowCopyNeeded(ctx context.Context, contentType ReportedContentType, contentID int64) (bool, error) {
+	return db.GetEngine(ctx).Cols("id").Where(builder.IsNull{"shadow_copy_id"}).Exist(
+		&AbuseReport{ContentType: contentType, ContentID: contentID},
+	)
+}
+
+// AlreadyReportedByAndOpen returns if doerID has already submitted a report for contentType and contentID that is still Open.
+func AlreadyReportedByAndOpen(ctx context.Context, doerID int64, contentType ReportedContentType, contentID int64) bool {
+	reported, _ := db.GetEngine(ctx).Exist(&AbuseReport{
+		Status:      ReportStatusTypeOpen,
+		ReporterID:  doerID,
+		ContentType: contentType,
+		ContentID:   contentID,
+	})
+	return reported
+}
+
+// ReportAbuse creates a new abuse report in the DB with 'Open' status.
+// If the reported content is the user profile of the reporter ErrSelfReporting is returned.
+// If there is already an open report submitted by the same user for the same content,
+// the request will be ignored without returning an error (and a warning will be logged).
+func ReportAbuse(ctx context.Context, report *AbuseReport) error {
+	if report.ContentType == ReportedContentTypeUser && report.ReporterID == report.ContentID {
+		return ErrSelfReporting
+	}
+
+	if AlreadyReportedByAndOpen(ctx, report.ReporterID, report.ContentType, report.ContentID) {
+		log.Warn("Seems that user %d wanted to report again the content with type %d and ID %d; this request will be ignored.", report.ReporterID, report.ContentType, report.ContentID)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	report.Status = ReportStatusTypeOpen
+	_, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Insert(report)
+
+	return err
+}
+
+/*
+// MarkAsHandled will change the status to 'Handled' for all reports linked to the same item (user, repository, issue or comment).
+func MarkAsHandled(ctx context.Context, contentType ReportedContentType, contentID int64) error {
+	return updateStatus(ctx, contentType, contentID, ReportStatusTypeHandled)
+}
+
+// MarkAsIgnored will change the status to 'Ignored' for all reports linked to the same item (user, repository, issue or comment).
+func MarkAsIgnored(ctx context.Context, contentType ReportedContentType, contentID int64) error {
+	return updateStatus(ctx, contentType, contentID, ReportStatusTypeIgnored)
+}
+
+// updateStatus will set the provided status for any reports linked to the item with the given type and ID.
+func updateStatus(ctx context.Context, contentType ReportedContentType, contentID int64, status ReportStatusType) error {
+	_, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where(builder.Eq{
+		"content_type": contentType,
+		"content_id":   contentID,
+	}).Cols("status").Update(&AbuseReport{Status: status})
+
+	return err
+}
+*/

models/moderation/shadow_copy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// Copyright 2025 The Forgejo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package moderation
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"forgejo.org/models/db"
+	"forgejo.org/modules/log"
+	"forgejo.org/modules/timeutil"
+
+	"xorm.io/builder"
+)
+
+type AbuseReportShadowCopy struct {
+	ID          int64              `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
+	RawValue    string             `xorm:"NOT NULL"`
+	CreatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created NOT NULL"`
+}
+
+// Returns the ID encapsulated in a sql.NullInt64 struct.
+func (sc AbuseReportShadowCopy) NullableID() sql.NullInt64 {
+	return sql.NullInt64{Int64: sc.ID, Valid: sc.ID > 0}
+}
+
+func init() {
+	// RegisterModel will create the table if does not already exist
+	// or any missing columns if the table was previously created.
+	// It will not drop or rename existing columns (when struct has changed).
+	db.RegisterModel(new(AbuseReportShadowCopy))
+}
+
+func CreateShadowCopyForUser(ctx context.Context, userID int64, content string) error {
+	return createShadowCopy(ctx, ReportedContentTypeUser, userID, content)
+}
+
+func CreateShadowCopyForRepository(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, content string) error {
+	return createShadowCopy(ctx, ReportedContentTypeRepository, repoID, content)
+}
+
+func CreateShadowCopyForIssue(ctx context.Context, issueID int64, content string) error {
+	return createShadowCopy(ctx, ReportedContentTypeIssue, issueID, content)
+}
+
+func CreateShadowCopyForComment(ctx context.Context, commentID int64, content string) error {
+	return createShadowCopy(ctx, ReportedContentTypeComment, commentID, content)
+}
+
+func createShadowCopy(ctx context.Context, contentType ReportedContentType, contentID int64, content string) error {
+	err := db.WithTx(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		sess := db.GetEngine(ctx)
+
+		shadowCopy := &AbuseReportShadowCopy{RawValue: content}
+		affected, err := sess.Insert(shadowCopy)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		} else if affected == 0 {
+			log.Warn("Something went wrong while trying to create the shadow copy for reported content with type %d and ID %d.", contentType, contentID)
+		}
+
+		_, err = sess.Where(builder.Eq{
+			"content_type": contentType,
+			"content_id":   contentID,
+		}).And(builder.IsNull{"shadow_copy_id"}).Update(&AbuseReport{ShadowCopyID: shadowCopy.NullableID()})
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("could not link the shadow copy (%d) to reported content with type %d and ID %d - %w", shadowCopy.ID, contentType, contentID, err)
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	return err
+}

models/repo/moderation.go

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Copyright 2025 The Forgejo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package repo
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"forgejo.org/models/moderation"
+	"forgejo.org/modules/json"
+	"forgejo.org/modules/timeutil"
+)
+
+// RepositoryData represents a trimmed down repository that is used for preserving
+// only the fields needed for abusive content reports (mainly string fields).
+type RepositoryData struct {
+	OwnerID     int64
+	OwnerName   string
+	Name        string
+	Description string
+	Website     string
+	Topics      []string
+	Avatar      string
+	CreatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp
+	UpdatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp
+}
+
+// newRepositoryData creates a trimmed down repository to be used just to create a JSON structure
+// (keeping only the fields relevant for moderation purposes)
+func newRepositoryData(repo *Repository) RepositoryData {
+	return RepositoryData{
+		OwnerID:     repo.OwnerID,
+		OwnerName:   repo.OwnerName,
+		Name:        repo.Name,
+		Description: repo.Description,
+		Website:     repo.Website,
+		Topics:      repo.Topics,
+		Avatar:      repo.Avatar,
+		CreatedUnix: repo.CreatedUnix,
+		UpdatedUnix: repo.UpdatedUnix,
+	}
+}
+
+// IfNeededCreateShadowCopyForRepository checks if for the given repository there are any reports of abusive content submitted
+// and if found a shadow copy of relevant repository fields will be stored into DB and linked to the above report(s).
+// This function should be called when a repository is deleted or updated.
+func IfNeededCreateShadowCopyForRepository(ctx context.Context, repo *Repository, forUpdates bool) error {
+	shadowCopyNeeded, err := moderation.IsShadowCopyNeeded(ctx, moderation.ReportedContentTypeRepository, repo.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if shadowCopyNeeded {
+		if forUpdates {
+			// get the unmodified repository fields
+			repo, err = GetRepositoryByID(ctx, repo.ID)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		repoData := newRepositoryData(repo)
+		content, err := json.Marshal(repoData)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return moderation.CreateShadowCopyForRepository(ctx, repo.ID, string(content))
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

models/user/moderation.go

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+// Copyright 2025 The Forgejo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package user
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"reflect"
+	"slices"
+	"sync"
+
+	"forgejo.org/models/moderation"
+	"forgejo.org/modules/json"
+	"forgejo.org/modules/timeutil"
+
+	"xorm.io/xorm/names"
+)
+
+// UserData represents a trimmed down user that is used for preserving
+// only the fields needed for abusive content reports (mainly string fields).
+type UserData struct { //revive:disable-line:exported
+	Name        string
+	FullName    string
+	Email       string
+	LoginName   string
+	Location    string
+	Website     string
+	Pronouns    string
+	Description string
+	CreatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp
+	UpdatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp
+	// This field was intentionally renamed so that is not the same with the one from User struct.
+	// If we keep it the same as in User, during login it might trigger the creation of a shadow copy.
+	// TODO: Should we decide that this field is not that relevant for abuse reporting purposes, better remove it.
+	LastLogin   timeutil.TimeStamp `json:"LastLoginUnix"`
+	Avatar      string
+	AvatarEmail string
+}
+
+// newUserData creates a trimmed down user to be used just to create a JSON structure
+// (keeping only the fields relevant for moderation purposes)
+func newUserData(user *User) UserData {
+	return UserData{
+		Name:        user.Name,
+		FullName:    user.FullName,
+		Email:       user.Email,
+		LoginName:   user.LoginName,
+		Location:    user.Location,
+		Website:     user.Website,
+		Pronouns:    user.Pronouns,
+		Description: user.Description,
+		CreatedUnix: user.CreatedUnix,
+		UpdatedUnix: user.UpdatedUnix,
+		LastLogin:   user.LastLoginUnix,
+		Avatar:      user.Avatar,
+		AvatarEmail: user.AvatarEmail,
+	}
+}
+
+// userDataColumnNames builds (only once) and returns a slice with the column names
+// (e.g. FieldName -> field_name) corresponding to UserData struct fields.
+var userDataColumnNames = sync.OnceValue(func() []string {
+	mapper := new(names.GonicMapper)
+	udType := reflect.TypeOf(UserData{})
+	columnNames := make([]string, 0, udType.NumField())
+	for i := 0; i < udType.NumField(); i++ {
+		columnNames = append(columnNames, mapper.Obj2Table(udType.Field(i).Name))
+	}
+	return columnNames
+})
+
+// IfNeededCreateShadowCopyForUser checks if for the given user there are any reports of abusive content submitted
+// and if found a shadow copy of relevant user fields will be stored into DB and linked to the above report(s).
+// This function should be called before a user is deleted or updated.
+//
+// For deletions alteredCols argument must be omitted.
+//
+// In case of updates it will first checks whether any of the columns being updated (alteredCols argument)
+// is relevant for moderation purposes (i.e. included in the UserData struct).
+func IfNeededCreateShadowCopyForUser(ctx context.Context, user *User, alteredCols ...string) error {
+	// TODO: this can be triggered quite often (e.g. by routers/web/repo/middlewares.go SetDiffViewStyle())
+
+	shouldCheckIfNeeded := len(alteredCols) == 0 // no columns being updated, therefore a deletion
+	if !shouldCheckIfNeeded {
+		// for updates we need to go further only if certain column are being changed
+		for _, colName := range userDataColumnNames() {
+			if shouldCheckIfNeeded = slices.Contains(alteredCols, colName); shouldCheckIfNeeded {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !shouldCheckIfNeeded {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	shadowCopyNeeded, err := moderation.IsShadowCopyNeeded(ctx, moderation.ReportedContentTypeUser, user.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if shadowCopyNeeded {
+		userData := newUserData(user)
+		content, err := json.Marshal(userData)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return moderation.CreateShadowCopyForUser(ctx, user.ID, string(content))
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

models/user/user.go

@@ -153,6 +153,9 @@ type User struct {
 	KeepActivityPrivate bool   `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
 	KeepPronounsPrivate bool   `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
 	EnableRepoUnitHints bool   `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT true"`
+
+	// If you add new fields that might be used to store abusive content (mainly string fields),
+	// please also add them in the UserData struct and the corresponding constructor.
 }
 
 func init() {
@@ -610,6 +613,7 @@ var (
 		"pulls",
 		"milestones",
 		"notifications",
+		"report_abuse",
 
 		"favicon.ico",
 		"manifest.json", // web app manifests
@@ -919,6 +923,12 @@ func UpdateUserCols(ctx context.Context, u *User, cols ...string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	// If the user was reported as abusive and any of the columns being updated is relevant
+	// for moderation purposes a shadow copy should be created before first update.
+	if err := IfNeededCreateShadowCopyForUser(ctx, u, cols...); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	_, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).ID(u.ID).Cols(cols...).Update(u)
 	return err
 }

modules/repository/create.go

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 // Copyright 2019 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2024 The Forgejo Authors. All rights reserved.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 package repository
@@ -241,6 +242,11 @@ func UpdateRepository(ctx context.Context, repo *repo_model.Repository, visibili
 
 	e := db.GetEngine(ctx)
 
+	// If the repository was reported as abusive, a shadow copy should be created before first update.
+	if err := repo_model.IfNeededCreateShadowCopyForRepository(ctx, repo, true); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	if _, err = e.ID(repo.ID).AllCols().Update(repo); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("update: %w", err)
 	}

modules/setting/moderation.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Copyright 2025 The Forgejo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package setting
+
+// Moderation settings
+var Moderation = struct {
+	Enabled bool `ini:"ENABLED"`
+}{
+	Enabled: false,
+}
+
+func loadModerationFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	mustMapSetting(rootCfg, "moderation", &Moderation)
+}

modules/setting/setting.go

@@ -221,6 +221,7 @@ func LoadSettings() {
 	loadProjectFrom(CfgProvider)
 	loadMimeTypeMapFrom(CfgProvider)
 	loadF3From(CfgProvider)
+	loadModerationFrom(CfgProvider)
 }
 
 // LoadSettingsForInstall initializes the settings for install

options/locale_next/locale_en-US.json

@@ -55,6 +55,24 @@
     "alert.asset_load_failed": "Failed to load asset files from {path}. Please make sure the asset files can be accessed.",
     "alert.range_error": " must be a number between %[1]s and %[2]s.",
     "install.invalid_lfs_path": "Unable to create the LFS root at the specified path: %[1]s",
+    "admin.config.moderation_config": "Moderation configuration",
+    "moderation.report_abuse": "Report abuse",
+    "moderation.report_content": "Report content",
+    "moderation.report_abuse_form.header": "Report abuse to administrator",
+    "moderation.report_abuse_form.details": "This form should be used to report users who create spam profiles, repositories, issues, comments or behave inappropriately.",
+    "moderation.report_abuse_form.invalid": "Invalid arguments",
+    "moderation.report_abuse_form.already_reported": "You've already reported this content",
+    "moderation.abuse_category": "Category",
+    "moderation.abuse_category.placeholder": "Select a category",
+    "moderation.abuse_category.spam": "Spam",
+    "moderation.abuse_category.malware": "Malware",
+    "moderation.abuse_category.illegal_content": "Illegal content",
+    "moderation.abuse_category.other_violations": "Other violations of platform rules",
+    "moderation.report_remarks": "Remarks",
+    "moderation.report_remarks.placeholder": "Please provide some details regarding the abuse you are reporting.",
+    "moderation.submit_report": "Submit report",
+    "moderation.reporting_failed": "Unable to submit the new abuse report: %v",
+    "moderation.reported_thank_you": "Thank you for your report. The administration has been made aware of it.",
     "mail.actions.successful_run_after_failure_subject": "Workflow %[1]s recovered in repository %[2]s",
     "mail.actions.not_successful_run_subject": "Workflow %[1]s failed in repository %[2]s",
     "mail.actions.successful_run_after_failure": "Workflow %[1]s recovered in repository %[2]s",

routers/web/admin/config.go

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright 2014 The Gogs Authors. All rights reserved.
 // Copyright 2019 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2025 The Forgejo Authors. All rights reserved.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 package admin
@@ -145,6 +146,7 @@ func Config(ctx *context.Context) {
 	ctx.Data["Service"] = setting.Service
 	ctx.Data["DbCfg"] = setting.Database
 	ctx.Data["Webhook"] = setting.Webhook
+	ctx.Data["Moderation"] = setting.Moderation
 
 	ctx.Data["MailerEnabled"] = false
 	if setting.MailService != nil {

routers/web/moderation/report.go

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+// Copyright 2025 The Forgejo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package moderation
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"forgejo.org/models/moderation"
+	"forgejo.org/modules/base"
+	"forgejo.org/modules/log"
+	"forgejo.org/modules/web"
+	"forgejo.org/services/context"
+	"forgejo.org/services/forms"
+	moderation_service "forgejo.org/services/moderation"
+)
+
+const (
+	tplSubmitAbuseReport base.TplName = "moderation/new_abuse_report"
+)
+
+// NewReport renders the page for new abuse reports.
+func NewReport(ctx *context.Context) {
+	contentID := ctx.FormInt64("id")
+	if contentID <= 0 {
+		setMinimalContextData(ctx)
+		ctx.RenderWithErr(ctx.Tr("moderation.report_abuse_form.invalid"), tplSubmitAbuseReport, nil)
+		log.Warn("The content ID is expected to be an integer greater that 0; the provided value is %s.", ctx.FormString("id"))
+		return
+	}
+
+	contentTypeString := ctx.FormString("type")
+	var contentType moderation.ReportedContentType
+	switch contentTypeString {
+	case "user", "org":
+		contentType = moderation.ReportedContentTypeUser
+	case "repo":
+		contentType = moderation.ReportedContentTypeRepository
+	case "issue", "pull":
+		contentType = moderation.ReportedContentTypeIssue
+	case "comment":
+		contentType = moderation.ReportedContentTypeComment
+	default:
+		setMinimalContextData(ctx)
+		ctx.RenderWithErr(ctx.Tr("moderation.report_abuse_form.invalid"), tplSubmitAbuseReport, nil)
+		log.Warn("The provided content type `%s` is not among the expected values.", contentTypeString)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if moderation.AlreadyReportedByAndOpen(ctx, ctx.Doer.ID, contentType, contentID) {
+		setMinimalContextData(ctx)
+		ctx.RenderWithErr(ctx.Tr("moderation.report_abuse_form.already_reported"), tplSubmitAbuseReport, nil)
+		return
+	}
+
+	setContextDataAndRender(ctx, contentType, contentID)
+}
+
+// setMinimalContextData adds minimal values (Title and CancelLink) into context data.
+func setMinimalContextData(ctx *context.Context) {
+	ctx.Data["Title"] = ctx.Tr("moderation.report_abuse")
+	ctx.Data["CancelLink"] = ctx.Doer.DashboardLink()
+}
+
+// setContextDataAndRender adds some values into context data and renders the new abuse report page.
+func setContextDataAndRender(ctx *context.Context, contentType moderation.ReportedContentType, contentID int64) {
+	setMinimalContextData(ctx)
+	ctx.Data["ContentID"] = contentID
+	ctx.Data["ContentType"] = contentType
+	ctx.Data["AbuseCategories"] = moderation.GetAbuseCategoriesList()
+	ctx.HTML(http.StatusOK, tplSubmitAbuseReport)
+}
+
+// CreatePost handles the POST for creating a new abuse report.
+func CreatePost(ctx *context.Context) {
+	form := *web.GetForm(ctx).(*forms.ReportAbuseForm)
+
+	if form.ContentID <= 0 || !form.ContentType.IsValid() {
+		setMinimalContextData(ctx)
+		ctx.RenderWithErr(ctx.Tr("moderation.report_abuse_form.invalid"), tplSubmitAbuseReport, nil)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if ctx.HasError() {
+		setContextDataAndRender(ctx, form.ContentType, form.ContentID)
+		return
+	}
+
+	can, err := moderation_service.CanReport(*ctx, ctx.Doer, form.ContentType, form.ContentID)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, moderation_service.ErrContentDoesNotExist) || errors.Is(err, moderation_service.ErrDoerNotAllowed) {
+			ctx.Flash.Error(ctx.Tr("moderation.report_abuse_form.invalid"))
+			ctx.Redirect(ctx.Doer.DashboardLink())
+		} else {
+			ctx.ServerError("Failed to check if user can report content", err)
+		}
+		return
+	} else if !can {
+		ctx.Flash.Error(ctx.Tr("moderation.report_abuse_form.invalid"))
+		ctx.Redirect(ctx.Doer.DashboardLink())
+		return
+	}
+
+	report := moderation.AbuseReport{
+		ReporterID:  ctx.Doer.ID,
+		ContentType: form.ContentType,
+		ContentID:   form.ContentID,
+		Category:    form.AbuseCategory,
+		Remarks:     form.Remarks,
+	}
+
+	if err := moderation.ReportAbuse(ctx, &report); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, moderation.ErrSelfReporting) {
+			ctx.Flash.Error(ctx.Tr("moderation.reporting_failed", err))
+			ctx.Redirect(ctx.Doer.DashboardLink())
+		} else {
+			ctx.ServerError("Failed to save new abuse report", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Flash.Success(ctx.Tr("moderation.reported_thank_you"))
+	ctx.Redirect(ctx.Doer.DashboardLink())
+}

routers/web/repo/issue.go

@@ -1477,6 +1477,7 @@ func ViewIssue(ctx *context.Context) {
 		ctx.Data["IssueType"] = "all"
 	}
 
+	ctx.Data["IsModerationEnabled"] = setting.Moderation.Enabled
 	ctx.Data["IsProjectsEnabled"] = ctx.Repo.CanRead(unit.TypeProjects)
 	ctx.Data["IsAttachmentEnabled"] = setting.Attachment.Enabled
 	upload.AddUploadContext(ctx, "comment")

routers/web/shared/user/header.go

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ func prepareContextForCommonProfile(ctx *context.Context) {
 func PrepareContextForProfileBigAvatar(ctx *context.Context) {
 	prepareContextForCommonProfile(ctx)
 
+	ctx.Data["IsModerationEnabled"] = setting.Moderation.Enabled
 	ctx.Data["IsBlocked"] = ctx.Doer != nil && user_model.IsBlocked(ctx, ctx.Doer.ID, ctx.ContextUser.ID)
 	ctx.Data["IsFollowing"] = ctx.Doer != nil && user_model.IsFollowing(ctx, ctx.Doer.ID, ctx.ContextUser.ID)
 	ctx.Data["ShowUserEmail"] = setting.UI.ShowUserEmail && ctx.ContextUser.Email != "" && ctx.IsSigned && !ctx.ContextUser.KeepEmailPrivate

routers/web/web.go

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import (
 	"forgejo.org/routers/web/feed"
 	"forgejo.org/routers/web/healthcheck"
 	"forgejo.org/routers/web/misc"
+	"forgejo.org/routers/web/moderation"
 	"forgejo.org/routers/web/org"
 	org_setting "forgejo.org/routers/web/org/setting"
 	"forgejo.org/routers/web/repo"
@@ -474,6 +475,11 @@ func registerRoutes(m *web.Route) {
 		m.Get("/search", repo.SearchIssues)
 	}, reqSignIn)
 
+	if setting.Moderation.Enabled {
+		m.Get("/report_abuse", reqSignIn, moderation.NewReport)
+		m.Post("/report_abuse", reqSignIn, web.Bind(forms.ReportAbuseForm{}), moderation.CreatePost)
+	}
+
 	m.Get("/pulls", reqSignIn, user.Pulls)
 	m.Get("/milestones", reqSignIn, reqMilestonesDashboardPageEnabled, user.Milestones)
 

services/context/org.go

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright 2014 The Gogs Authors. All rights reserved.
-// Copyright 2020 The Gitea Authors.
+// Copyright 2020 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2025 The Forgejo Authors. All rights reserved.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 package context
@@ -165,6 +166,7 @@ func HandleOrgAssignment(ctx *Context, args ...bool) {
 	ctx.Data["IsOrganizationMember"] = ctx.Org.IsMember
 	ctx.Data["IsPackageEnabled"] = setting.Packages.Enabled
 	ctx.Data["IsRepoIndexerEnabled"] = setting.Indexer.RepoIndexerEnabled
+	ctx.Data["IsModerationEnabled"] = setting.Moderation.Enabled
 	ctx.Data["IsPublicMember"] = func(uid int64) bool {
 		is, _ := organization.IsPublicMembership(ctx, ctx.Org.Organization.ID, uid)
 		return is

services/context/repo.go

@@ -593,6 +593,7 @@ func RepoAssignment(ctx *Context) context.CancelFunc {
 	ctx.Data["CanWriteIssues"] = ctx.Repo.CanWrite(unit_model.TypeIssues)
 	ctx.Data["CanWritePulls"] = ctx.Repo.CanWrite(unit_model.TypePullRequests)
 	ctx.Data["CanWriteActions"] = ctx.Repo.CanWrite(unit_model.TypeActions)
+	ctx.Data["IsModerationEnabled"] = setting.Moderation.Enabled
 
 	canSignedUserFork, err := repo_module.CanUserForkRepo(ctx, ctx.Doer, ctx.Repo.Repository)
 	if err != nil {

services/forms/report_abuse.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Copyright 2025 The Forgejo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package forms
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+
+	"forgejo.org/models/moderation"
+	"forgejo.org/modules/web/middleware"
+	"forgejo.org/services/context"
+
+	"code.forgejo.org/go-chi/binding"
+)
+
+// ReportAbuseForm is used to interact with the UI of the form that submits new abuse reports.
+type ReportAbuseForm struct {
+	ContentID     int64
+	ContentType   moderation.ReportedContentType
+	AbuseCategory moderation.AbuseCategoryType `binding:"Required" locale:"moderation.abuse_category"`
+	Remarks       string                       `binding:"Required;MinSize(20);MaxSize(500)" preprocess:"TrimSpace" locale:"moderation.report_remarks"`
+}
+
+// Validate validates the fields of ReportAbuseForm.
+func (f *ReportAbuseForm) Validate(req *http.Request, errs binding.Errors) binding.Errors {
+	ctx := context.GetValidateContext(req)
+	return middleware.Validate(errs, ctx.Data, f, ctx.Locale)
+}

services/issue/issue.go

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 // Copyright 2019 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2024 The Forgejo Authors. All rights reserved.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 package issue
@@ -59,7 +60,6 @@ func NewIssue(ctx context.Context, repo *repo_model.Repository, issue *issues_mo
 // ChangeTitle changes the title of this issue, as the given user.
 func ChangeTitle(ctx context.Context, issue *issues_model.Issue, doer *user_model.User, title string) error {
 	oldTitle := issue.Title
-	issue.Title = title
 
 	if oldTitle == title {
 		return nil
@@ -73,6 +73,12 @@ func ChangeTitle(ctx context.Context, issue *issues_model.Issue, doer *user_mode
 		return user_model.ErrBlockedByUser
 	}
 
+	// If the issue was reported as abusive, a shadow copy should be created before first update.
+	if err := issues_model.IfNeededCreateShadowCopyForIssue(ctx, issue); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	issue.Title = title
 	if err := issues_model.ChangeIssueTitle(ctx, issue, doer, oldTitle); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -252,6 +258,12 @@ func deleteIssue(ctx context.Context, issue *issues_model.Issue) error {
 	defer committer.Close()
 
 	e := db.GetEngine(ctx)
+
+	// If the issue was reported as abusive, a shadow copy should be created before deletion.
+	if err := issues_model.IfNeededCreateShadowCopyForIssue(ctx, issue); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	if _, err := e.ID(issue.ID).NoAutoCondition().Delete(issue); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

services/moderation/reporting.go

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+// Copyright 2025 The Forgejo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package moderation
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+
+	"forgejo.org/models/issues"
+	"forgejo.org/models/moderation"
+	"forgejo.org/models/perm"
+	access_model "forgejo.org/models/perm/access"
+	repo_model "forgejo.org/models/repo"
+	"forgejo.org/models/unit"
+	"forgejo.org/models/user"
+	"forgejo.org/modules/log"
+	"forgejo.org/services/context"
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrContentDoesNotExist = errors.New("the content to be reported does not exist")
+	ErrDoerNotAllowed      = errors.New("doer not allowed to access the content to be reported")
+)
+
+// CanReport checks if doer has access to the content they are reporting
+// (user, organization, repository, issue, pull request or comment).
+// When reporting repositories the user should have at least read access to any repo unit type.
+// When reporting issues, pull requests or comments the user should have at least read access
+// to 'TypeIssues', respectively 'TypePullRequests' unit for the repository where the content belongs.
+// When reporting users or organizations doer should be able to view the reported entity.
+func CanReport(ctx context.Context, doer *user.User, contentType moderation.ReportedContentType, contentID int64) (bool, error) {
+	hasAccess := false
+	var issueID int64
+	var repoID int64
+	unitType := unit.TypeInvalid // used when checking access for issues, pull requests or comments
+
+	if contentType == moderation.ReportedContentTypeUser {
+		reportedUser, err := user.GetUserByID(ctx, contentID)
+		if err != nil {
+			if user.IsErrUserNotExist(err) {
+				log.Warn("User #%d wanted to report user #%d but it does not exist.", doer.ID, contentID)
+				return false, ErrContentDoesNotExist
+			}
+			return false, err
+		}
+
+		hasAccess = user.IsUserVisibleToViewer(ctx, reportedUser, ctx.Doer)
+		if !hasAccess {
+			log.Warn("User #%d wanted to report user/org #%d but they are not able to see that profile.", doer.ID, contentID)
+			return false, ErrDoerNotAllowed
+		}
+	} else {
+		// for comments and issues/pulls we need to get the parent repository
+		switch contentType {
+		case moderation.ReportedContentTypeComment:
+			comment, err := issues.GetCommentByID(ctx, contentID)
+			if err != nil {
+				if issues.IsErrCommentNotExist(err) {
+					log.Warn("User #%d wanted to report comment #%d but it does not exist.", doer.ID, contentID)
+					return false, ErrContentDoesNotExist
+				}
+				return false, err
+			}
+			if !comment.Type.HasContentSupport() {
+				// this is not a comment with text and/or attachments
+				log.Warn("User #%d wanted to report comment #%d but it is not a comment with content.", doer.ID, contentID)
+				return false, nil
+			}
+			issueID = comment.IssueID
+		case moderation.ReportedContentTypeIssue:
+			issueID = contentID
+		case moderation.ReportedContentTypeRepository:
+			repoID = contentID
+		}
+
+		if issueID > 0 {
+			issue, err := issues.GetIssueByID(ctx, issueID)
+			if err != nil {
+				if issues.IsErrIssueNotExist(err) {
+					log.Warn("User #%d wanted to report issue #%d (or one of its comments) but it does not exist.", doer.ID, issueID)
+					return false, ErrContentDoesNotExist
+				}
+				return false, err
+			}
+
+			repoID = issue.RepoID
+			if issue.IsPull {
+				unitType = unit.TypePullRequests
+			} else {
+				unitType = unit.TypeIssues
+			}
+		}
+
+		if repoID > 0 {
+			repo, err := repo_model.GetRepositoryByID(ctx, repoID)
+			if err != nil {
+				if repo_model.IsErrRepoNotExist(err) {
+					log.Warn("User #%d wanted to report repository #%d (or one of its issues / comments) but it does not exist.", doer.ID, repoID)
+					return false, ErrContentDoesNotExist
+				}
+				return false, err
+			}
+
+			if issueID > 0 {
+				// for comments and issues/pulls doer should have at least read access to the corresponding repo unit (issues, respectively pull requests)
+				hasAccess, err = access_model.HasAccessUnit(ctx, doer, repo, unitType, perm.AccessModeRead)
+				if err != nil {
+					return false, err
+				} else if !hasAccess {
+					log.Warn("User #%d wanted to report issue #%d or one of its comments from repository #%d but they don't have access to it.", doer.ID, issueID, repoID)
+					return false, ErrDoerNotAllowed
+				}
+			} else {
+				// for repositories doer should have at least read access to at least one repo unit
+				perm, err := access_model.GetUserRepoPermission(ctx, repo, doer)
+				if err != nil {
+					return false, err
+				}
+				hasAccess = perm.CanReadAny(unit.AllRepoUnitTypes...)
+				if !hasAccess {
+					log.Warn("User #%d wanted to report repository #%d but they don't have access to it.", doer.ID, repoID)
+					return false, ErrDoerNotAllowed
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return hasAccess, nil
+}

services/repository/delete.go

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 // Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2024 The Forgejo Authors. All rights reserved.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 package repository
@@ -89,6 +90,11 @@ func DeleteRepositoryDirectly(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, repoID
 		}
 	}
 
+	// If the repository was reported as abusive, a shadow copy should be created before deletion.
+	if err := repo_model.IfNeededCreateShadowCopyForRepository(ctx, repo, false); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	if cnt, err := sess.ID(repoID).Delete(&repo_model.Repository{}); err != nil {
 		return err
 	} else if cnt != 1 {

services/user/delete.go

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 // Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2024 The Forgejo Authors. All rights reserved.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 package user
@@ -216,6 +217,11 @@ func deleteUser(ctx context.Context, u *user_model.User, purge bool) (err error)
 	}
 	// ***** END: ExternalLoginUser *****
 
+	// If the user was reported as abusive, a shadow copy should be created before deletion.
+	if err = user_model.IfNeededCreateShadowCopyForUser(ctx, u); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	if _, err = db.DeleteByID[user_model.User](ctx, u.ID); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("delete: %w", err)
 	}

services/user/email.go

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 // Copyright 2024 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2024 The Forgejo Authors. All rights reserved.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 package user
@@ -203,6 +204,11 @@ func MakeEmailAddressPrimary(ctx context.Context, u *user_model.User, newPrimary
 
 	oldPrimaryEmail := u.Email
 
+	// If the user was reported as abusive, a shadow copy should be created before first update (of certain columns).
+	if err = user_model.IfNeededCreateShadowCopyForUser(ctx, u, "email"); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	// 1. Update user table
 	u.Email = newPrimaryEmail.Email
 	if _, err = sess.ID(u.ID).Cols("email").Update(u); err != nil {

templates/admin/config.tmpl

@@ -247,6 +247,16 @@
 			</dl>
 		</div>
 
+		<h4 class="ui top attached header">
+			{{ctx.Locale.Tr "admin.config.moderation_config"}}
+		</h4>
+		<div class="ui attached table segment">
+			<dl class="admin-dl-horizontal">
+				<dt>{{ctx.Locale.Tr "enabled"}}</dt>
+				<dd>{{if .Moderation.Enabled}}{{svg "octicon-check"}}{{else}}{{svg "octicon-x"}}{{end}}</dd>
+			</dl>
+		</div>
+
 		<h4 class="ui top attached header">
 			{{ctx.Locale.Tr "admin.config.cache_config"}}
 		</h4>

templates/moderation/new_abuse_report.tmpl

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+{{template "base/head" .}}
+<div role="main" aria-label="{{.Title}}" class="page-content moderation new-report">
+	<div class="ui middle very relaxed page grid">
+		<div class="column">
+			<form class="ui form" action="{{.Link}}" method="post">
+				{{.CsrfTokenHtml}}
+				<h3 class="ui top attached header">
+					{{ctx.Locale.Tr "moderation.report_abuse_form.header"}}
+				</h3>
+				<div class="ui attached segment">
+					{{template "base/alert" .}}
+					<p class="ui center">{{ctx.Locale.Tr "moderation.report_abuse_form.details"}}</p>
+
+					<input type="hidden" name="content_id" value="{{.ContentID}}" />
+					<input type="hidden" name="content_type" value="{{.ContentType}}" />
+
+					<fieldset{{if not .ContentID}} disabled{{end}}>
+						<label{{if .Err_AbuseCategory}} class="field error"{{end}}>
+							{{ctx.Locale.Tr "moderation.abuse_category"}}
+							<select class="ui selection dropdown" id="abuse_category" name="abuse_category" required autofocus>
+								<option value="">{{ctx.Locale.Tr "moderation.abuse_category.placeholder"}}</option>
+								{{range $cat := .AbuseCategories}}
+								<option value="{{$cat.Value}}"{{if eq $.abuse_category $cat.Value}} selected{{end}}>{{ctx.Locale.Tr $cat.TranslationKey}}</option>
+								{{end}}
+							</select>
+						</label>
+						<label{{if .Err_Remarks}} class="field error"{{end}}>
+							{{ctx.Locale.Tr "moderation.report_remarks"}}
+							<textarea id="remarks" name="remarks" required minlength="20" maxlength="500" placeholder="{{ctx.Locale.Tr "moderation.report_remarks.placeholder"}}">{{.remarks}}</textarea>
+						</label>
+					</fieldset>
+
+					<div class="divider"></div>
+					<div class="text right actions">
+						<a class="ui cancel button" href="{{$.CancelLink}}">{{ctx.Locale.Tr "cancel"}}</a>
+						{{if .ContentID}}
+						<button class="ui primary button">{{ctx.Locale.Tr "moderation.submit_report"}}</button>
+						{{end}}
+					</div>
+				</div>
+			</form>
+		</div>
+	</div>
+</div>
+{{template "base/footer" .}}

templates/org/header.tmpl

@@ -21,6 +21,14 @@
 				{{if .IsOrganizationMember}}
 					<a class="ui basic button tw-mr-0" href="{{.OrgLink}}/dashboard">{{ctx.Locale.Tr "org.open_dashboard"}}</a>
 				{{end}}
+				{{if and .IsModerationEnabled .IsSigned (not .IsOrganizationOwner)}}
+					<button class="ui dropdown icon button" data-tooltip-content="{{ctx.Locale.Tr "repo.more_operations"}}" aria-label="{{ctx.Locale.Tr "toggle_menu"}}">
+						{{svg "octicon-kebab-horizontal" 14}}
+						<div class="menu top left">
+							<a class="item context" href="{{AppSubUrl}}/report_abuse?type=org&id={{$.Org.ID}}">{{ctx.Locale.Tr "moderation.report_abuse"}}</a>
+						</div>
+					</button>
+				{{end}}
 			</span>
 		</div>
 		{{if .RenderedDescription}}<div class="render-content markup">{{.RenderedDescription}}</div>{{end}}

templates/repo/header.tmpl

@@ -67,6 +67,14 @@
 					{{if not $.DisableForks}}
 					{{template "repo/header_fork" $}}
 					{{end}}
+					{{if and $.IsModerationEnabled $.IsSigned (not $.IsRepositoryAdmin)}}
+					<button class="ui small compact jump dropdown icon button" data-tooltip-content="{{ctx.Locale.Tr "repo.more_operations"}}" aria-label="{{ctx.Locale.Tr "toggle_menu"}}">
+						{{svg "octicon-kebab-horizontal"}}
+						<div class="menu top left">
+							<a class="item context" href="{{AppSubUrl}}/report_abuse?type=repo&id={{$.Repository.ID}}">{{ctx.Locale.Tr "moderation.report_content"}}</a>
+						</div>
+					</button>
+					{{end}}
 				</div>
 			{{end}}
 		</div>

templates/repo/issue/view_content/context_menu.tmpl

@@ -23,5 +23,13 @@
 				{{end}}
 			{{end}}
 		{{end}}
+		{{if and .ctxData.IsModerationEnabled .ctxData.IsSigned (not .IsCommentPoster)}}
+			{{$contentType := "comment"}}
+			{{if eq .item .ctxData.Issue}}
+				{{if .ctxData.Issue.IsPull}} {{$contentType = "pull"}} {{else}} {{$contentType = "issue"}} {{end}}
+			{{end}}
+			<div class="divider"></div>
+			<a class="item context" href="{{AppSubUrl}}/report_abuse?type={{$contentType}}&id={{.item.ID}}">{{ctx.Locale.Tr "moderation.report_content"}}</a>
+		{{end}}
 	</div>
 </div>

templates/shared/user/profile_big_avatar.tmpl

@@ -123,6 +123,11 @@
 					</button>
 				{{end}}
 			</li>
+			{{if .IsModerationEnabled}}
+			<li class="report">
+				<a class="ui basic orange button" href="{{AppSubUrl}}/report_abuse?type=user&id={{.ContextUser.ID}}">{{ctx.Locale.Tr "moderation.report_abuse"}}</a>
+			</li>
+			{{end}}
 			{{end}}
 		</ul>
 	</div>

web_src/css/form.css

@@ -491,6 +491,7 @@ input:-webkit-autofill:active,
   margin: 0;
 }
 
+.moderation.new-report form,
 .repository.new.repo form,
 .repository.new.migrate form,
 .repository.new.fork form {
@@ -504,11 +505,13 @@ input:-webkit-autofill:active,
 }
 
 @media (min-width: 768px) {
+  .moderation.new-report form,
   .repository.new.repo form,
   .repository.new.migrate form,
   .repository.new.fork form {
     width: 800px !important;
   }
+  .moderation.new-report form .header,
   .repository.new.repo form .header,
   .repository.new.migrate form .header,
   .repository.new.fork form .header {
@@ -555,6 +558,7 @@ input:-webkit-autofill:active,
   margin-right: 0 !important;
 }
 
+.moderation.new-report form .header,
 .repository.new.repo form .header,
 .repository.new.migrate form .header,
 .repository.new.fork form .header {

web_src/css/user.css

@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@
 }
 
 .user.profile .ui.card .extra.content > ul > li.follow .ui.button,
-.user.profile .ui.card .extra.content > ul > li.block .ui.button {
+.user.profile .ui.card .extra.content > ul > li.block .ui.button,
+.user.profile .ui.card .extra.content > ul > li.report .ui.button {
   align-items: center;
   display: flex;
   justify-content: center;