From 7e559f6dad9edc08441368fef69db429188d9869 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: David Rotermund <54365609+davrot@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Wed, 13 Dec 2023 20:38:05 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] Update README.md Signed-off-by: David Rotermund <54365609+davrot@users.noreply.github.com> --- python_basics/built_in/README.md | 78 ++++++++++++++++---------------- 1 file changed, 40 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-) diff --git a/python_basics/built_in/README.md b/python_basics/built_in/README.md index 49d7030..9e47f97 100644 --- a/python_basics/built_in/README.md +++ b/python_basics/built_in/README.md @@ -10,18 +10,20 @@ Do I need to know what all these functions are doing? No, but you are shouldn't use these function names for your own functions!​ +However... I marked the one in bold font that you should know. + Questions to [David Rotermund](mailto:davrot@uni-bremen.de) ||| |---|---| -|[abs()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#abs)|Return the absolute value of a number.| +|[**abs()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#abs)|Return the absolute value of a number.| |[aiter()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#aiter)|Return an asynchronous iterator for an asynchronous iterable.| -|[all()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#all)|Return True if all elements of the iterable are true (or if the iterable is empty).| +|[**all()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#all)|Return True if all elements of the iterable are true (or if the iterable is empty).| |[anext()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#anext)|When awaited, return the next item from the given asynchronous iterator, or default if given and the iterator is exhausted.| -|[any()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#any)|Return True if any element of the iterable is true. If the iterable is empty, return False.| +|[**any()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#any)|Return True if any element of the iterable is true. If the iterable is empty, return False.| |[ascii()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#ascii)|As repr(), return a string containing a printable representation of an object, but escape the non-ASCII characters in the string| -|[bin()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bin)|Convert an integer number to a binary string prefixed with “0b”. | -|[bool()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool)|Return a Boolean value, i.e. one of True or False.| +|[**bin()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bin)|Convert an integer number to a binary string prefixed with “0b”. | +|[**bool()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool)|Return a Boolean value, i.e. one of True or False.| |[breakpoint()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#breakpoint)|This function drops you into the debugger at the call site.| |[bytearray()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-bytearray)|Return a new array of bytes.| |[bytes()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-bytes)| Return a new “bytes” object which is an immutable sequence of integers in the range 0 <= x < 256.| @@ -29,60 +31,60 @@ Questions to [David Rotermund](mailto:davrot@uni-bremen.de) |[chr()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#chr)|Return the string representing a character whose Unicode code point is the integer i. | |[classmethod()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#classmethod)|Transform a method into a class method.| |[compile()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#compile)|Compile the source into a code or AST object. Code objects can be executed by exec() or eval(). source can either be a normal string, a byte string, or an AST object. | -|[complex()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#complex)|Return a complex number with the value real + imag*1j or convert a string or number to a complex number. | +|[**complex()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#complex)|Return a complex number with the value real + imag*1j or convert a string or number to a complex number. | |[delattr()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#delattr)|This is a relative of setattr().| -|[dict()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-dict)|Create a new dictionary. | -|[dir()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#dir)|Without arguments, return the list of names in the current local scope. With an argument, attempt to return a list of valid attributes for that object.| -|[divmod()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#divmod)|Take two (non-complex) numbers as arguments and return a pair of numbers consisting of their quotient and remainder when using integer division. | -|[enumerate()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#enumerate)|Return an enumerate object. iterable must be a sequence, an iterator, or some other object which supports iteration.| +|[**dict()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-dict)|Create a new dictionary. | +|[**dir()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#dir)|Without arguments, return the list of names in the current local scope. With an argument, attempt to return a list of valid attributes for that object.| +|[**divmod()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#divmod)|Take two (non-complex) numbers as arguments and return a pair of numbers consisting of their quotient and remainder when using integer division. | +|[**enumerate()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#enumerate)|Return an enumerate object. iterable must be a sequence, an iterator, or some other object which supports iteration.| |[eval()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#eval)|The expression argument is parsed and evaluated as a Python expression (technically speaking, a condition list) using the globals and locals dictionaries as global and local namespace.| |[exec()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#exec)|This function supports dynamic execution of Python code. | |[filter()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#filter)|Construct an iterator from those elements of iterable for which function is true.| -|[float()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#float)|Return a floating point number constructed from a number or string x.| +|[**float()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#float)|Return a floating point number constructed from a number or string x.| |[format()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#format)|Convert a value to a “formatted” representation, as controlled by format_spec.| |[frozenset()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-frozenset)|Return a new frozenset object, optionally with elements taken from iterable. | |[getattr()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#getattr)|Return the value of the named attribute of object. name must be a string. | |[globals()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#globals)|Return the dictionary implementing the current module namespace.| |[hasattr()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#hasattr)|The arguments are an object and a string. The result is True if the string is the name of one of the object’s attributes, False if not. | |[hash()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#hash)|Return the hash value of the object (if it has one). Hash values are integers. They are used to quickly compare dictionary keys during a dictionary lookup.| -|[help()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#help)|Invoke the built-in help system. (This function is intended for interactive use.)| -|[hex()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#hex)|Convert an integer number to a lowercase hexadecimal string prefixed with “0x”.| -|[id()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#id)|Return the “identity” of an object. This is an integer which is guaranteed to be unique and constant for this object during its lifetime. Two objects with non-overlapping lifetimes may have the same id() value.| -|[input()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#input)|If the prompt argument is present, it is written to standard output without a trailing newline. The function then reads a line from input, converts it to a string (stripping a trailing newline), and returns that. | -|[int()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int)|Return an integer object constructed from a number or string x, or return 0 if no arguments are given. | -|[isinstance()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#isinstance)|Return True if the object argument is an instance of the classinfo argument, or of a (direct, indirect, or virtual) subclass thereof. If object is not an object of the given type, the function always returns False. If classinfo is a tuple of type objects (or recursively, other such tuples) or a Union Type of multiple types, return True if object is an instance of any of the types.| -|[issubclass()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#issubclass)|Return True if class is a subclass (direct, indirect, or virtual) of classinfo. A class is considered a subclass of itself. | -|[iter()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#iter)|Return an iterator object.| -|[len()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#len)|Return the length (the number of items) of an object.| -|[list()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-list)|Rather than being a function, list is actually a mutable sequence type| +|[**help()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#help)|Invoke the built-in help system. (This function is intended for interactive use.)| +|[**hex()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#hex)|Convert an integer number to a lowercase hexadecimal string prefixed with “0x”.| +|[**id()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#id)|Return the “identity” of an object. This is an integer which is guaranteed to be unique and constant for this object during its lifetime. Two objects with non-overlapping lifetimes may have the same id() value.| +|[**input()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#input)|If the prompt argument is present, it is written to standard output without a trailing newline. The function then reads a line from input, converts it to a string (stripping a trailing newline), and returns that. | +|[**int()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int)|Return an integer object constructed from a number or string x, or return 0 if no arguments are given. | +|[**isinstance()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#isinstance)|Return True if the object argument is an instance of the classinfo argument, or of a (direct, indirect, or virtual) subclass thereof. If object is not an object of the given type, the function always returns False. If classinfo is a tuple of type objects (or recursively, other such tuples) or a Union Type of multiple types, return True if object is an instance of any of the types.| +|[**issubclass()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#issubclass)|Return True if class is a subclass (direct, indirect, or virtual) of classinfo. A class is considered a subclass of itself. | +|[**iter()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#iter)|Return an iterator object.| +|[**len()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#len)|Return the length (the number of items) of an object.| +|[**list()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-list)|Rather than being a function, list is actually a mutable sequence type| |[locals()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#locals)|Update and return a dictionary representing the current local symbol table.| |[map()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#map)|Return an iterator that applies function to every item of iterable, yielding the results. | -|[max()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#max)|Return the largest item in an iterable or the largest of two or more arguments.| +|[**max()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#max)|Return the largest item in an iterable or the largest of two or more arguments.| |[memoryview()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-memoryview)|Return a “memory view” object created from the given argument. | -|[min()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#min)|Return the smallest item in an iterable or the smallest of two or more arguments.| -|[next()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#next)|Retrieve the next item from the iterator by calling its \_\_next\_\_() method.| +|[**min()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#min)|Return the smallest item in an iterable or the smallest of two or more arguments.| +|[**next()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#next)|Retrieve the next item from the iterator by calling its \_\_next\_\_() method.| |[object()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#object)|Return a new featureless object. object is a base for all classes.| |[oct()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#oct)|Convert an integer number to an octal string prefixed with “0o”. | -|[open()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#open)|Open file and return a corresponding file object.| +|[**open()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#open)|Open file and return a corresponding file object.| |[ord()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#ord)|Given a string representing one Unicode character, return an integer representing the Unicode code point of that character.| -|[pow()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#pow)|Return base to the power exp| -|[print()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print)|Print objects to the text stream| +|[**pow()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#pow)|Return base to the power exp| +|[**print()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print)|Print objects to the text stream| |[property()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#property)|Return a property attribute.| -|[range()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-range)|Rather than being a function, range is actually an immutable sequence type| +|[**range()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-range)|Rather than being a function, range is actually an immutable sequence type| |[repr()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#repr)|Return a string containing a printable representation of an object.| -|[reversed()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#reversed)|Return a reverse iterator. | -|[round()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#round)|Return number rounded to ndigits precision after the decimal point. If ndigits is omitted or is None, it returns the nearest integer to its input.| -|[set()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-set)|Return a new set object, optionally with elements taken from iterable.| +|[**reversed()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#reversed)|Return a reverse iterator. | +|[**round()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#round)|Return number rounded to ndigits precision after the decimal point. If ndigits is omitted or is None, it returns the nearest integer to its input.| +|[**set()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-set)|Return a new set object, optionally with elements taken from iterable.| |[setattr()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#setattr)|This is the counterpart of getattr(). | |[slice()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#slice)|Return a slice object representing the set of indices specified by range(start, stop, step). The start and step arguments default to None.| -|[sorted()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#sorted)|Return a new sorted list from the items in iterable.| +|[**sorted()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#sorted)|Return a new sorted list from the items in iterable.| |[staticmethod()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#staticmethod)|Transform a method into a static method.| -|[str()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-str)|Return a str version of object.| -|[sum()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#sum)|Sums start and the items of an iterable from left to right and returns the total. | -|[super()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#super)|Return a proxy object that delegates method calls to a parent or sibling class of type. This is useful for accessing inherited methods that have been overridden in a class.| -|[tuple()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-tuple)|Rather than being a function, tuple is actually an immutable sequence type| -|[type()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#type)|With one argument, return the type of an object. | +|[**str()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-str)|Return a str version of object.| +|[**sum()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#sum)|Sums start and the items of an iterable from left to right and returns the total. | +|[**super()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#super)|Return a proxy object that delegates method calls to a parent or sibling class of type. This is useful for accessing inherited methods that have been overridden in a class.| +|[**tuple()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-tuple)|Rather than being a function, tuple is actually an immutable sequence type| +|[**type()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#type)|With one argument, return the type of an object. | |[vars()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#vars)|Return the \_\_dict\_\_ attribute for a module, class, instance, or any other object with a \_\_dict\_\_ attribute.| -|[zip()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#zip)|Iterate over several iterables in parallel, producing tuples with an item from each one.| +|[**zip()**](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#zip)|Iterate over several iterables in parallel, producing tuples with an item from each one.| |[\_\_import\_\_()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#import__)|This function is invoked by the import statement.|