pytutorial/python_basics/built_in/README.md

Built-in Functions

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The goal

Do I need to know what all these functions are doing? No, but you are shouldn't use these function names for your own functions!​

However... I marked the one in bold font that you should know.

Questions to David Rotermund

abs()	Return the absolute value of a number.
aiter()	Return an asynchronous iterator for an asynchronous iterable.
all()	Return True if all elements of the iterable are true (or if the iterable is empty).
anext()	When awaited, return the next item from the given asynchronous iterator, or default if given and the iterator is exhausted.
any()	Return True if any element of the iterable is true. If the iterable is empty, return False.
ascii()	As repr(), return a string containing a printable representation of an object, but escape the non-ASCII characters in the string
bin()	Convert an integer number to a binary string prefixed with “0b”.
bool()	Return a Boolean value, i.e. one of True or False.
breakpoint()	This function drops you into the debugger at the call site.
bytearray()	Return a new array of bytes.
bytes()	Return a new “bytes” object which is an immutable sequence of integers in the range 0 <= x < 256.
callable()	Return True if the object argument appears callable, False if not. If this returns True, it is still possible that a call fails, but if it is False, calling object will never succeed.
chr()	Return the string representing a character whose Unicode code point is the integer i.
classmethod()	Transform a method into a class method.
compile()	Compile the source into a code or AST object. Code objects can be executed by exec() or eval(). source can either be a normal string, a byte string, or an AST object.
complex()	Return a complex number with the value real + imag*1j or convert a string or number to a complex number.
delattr()	This is a relative of setattr().
dict()	Create a new dictionary.
dir()	Without arguments, return the list of names in the current local scope. With an argument, attempt to return a list of valid attributes for that object.
divmod()	Take two (non-complex) numbers as arguments and return a pair of numbers consisting of their quotient and remainder when using integer division.
enumerate()	Return an enumerate object. iterable must be a sequence, an iterator, or some other object which supports iteration.
eval()	The expression argument is parsed and evaluated as a Python expression (technically speaking, a condition list) using the globals and locals dictionaries as global and local namespace.
exec()	This function supports dynamic execution of Python code.
filter()	Construct an iterator from those elements of iterable for which function is true.
float()	Return a floating point number constructed from a number or string x.
format()	Convert a value to a “formatted” representation, as controlled by format_spec.
frozenset()	Return a new frozenset object, optionally with elements taken from iterable.
getattr()	Return the value of the named attribute of object. name must be a string.
globals()	Return the dictionary implementing the current module namespace.
hasattr()	The arguments are an object and a string. The result is True if the string is the name of one of the object’s attributes, False if not.
hash()	Return the hash value of the object (if it has one). Hash values are integers. They are used to quickly compare dictionary keys during a dictionary lookup.
help()	Invoke the built-in help system. (This function is intended for interactive use.)
hex()	Convert an integer number to a lowercase hexadecimal string prefixed with “0x”.
id()	Return the “identity” of an object. This is an integer which is guaranteed to be unique and constant for this object during its lifetime. Two objects with non-overlapping lifetimes may have the same id() value.
input()	If the prompt argument is present, it is written to standard output without a trailing newline. The function then reads a line from input, converts it to a string (stripping a trailing newline), and returns that.
int()	Return an integer object constructed from a number or string x, or return 0 if no arguments are given.
isinstance()	Return True if the object argument is an instance of the classinfo argument, or of a (direct, indirect, or virtual) subclass thereof. If object is not an object of the given type, the function always returns False. If classinfo is a tuple of type objects (or recursively, other such tuples) or a Union Type of multiple types, return True if object is an instance of any of the types.
issubclass()	Return True if class is a subclass (direct, indirect, or virtual) of classinfo. A class is considered a subclass of itself.
iter()	Return an iterator object.
len()	Return the length (the number of items) of an object.
list()	Rather than being a function, list is actually a mutable sequence type
locals()	Update and return a dictionary representing the current local symbol table.
map()	Return an iterator that applies function to every item of iterable, yielding the results.
max()	Return the largest item in an iterable or the largest of two or more arguments.
memoryview()	Return a “memory view” object created from the given argument.
min()	Return the smallest item in an iterable or the smallest of two or more arguments.
next()	Retrieve the next item from the iterator by calling its __next__() method.
object()	Return a new featureless object. object is a base for all classes.
oct()	Convert an integer number to an octal string prefixed with “0o”.
open()	Open file and return a corresponding file object.
ord()	Given a string representing one Unicode character, return an integer representing the Unicode code point of that character.
pow()	Return base to the power exp
print()	Print objects to the text stream
property()	Return a property attribute.
range()	Rather than being a function, range is actually an immutable sequence type
repr()	Return a string containing a printable representation of an object.
reversed()	Return a reverse iterator.
round()	Return number rounded to ndigits precision after the decimal point. If ndigits is omitted or is None, it returns the nearest integer to its input.
set()	Return a new set object, optionally with elements taken from iterable.
setattr()	This is the counterpart of getattr().
slice()	Return a slice object representing the set of indices specified by range(start, stop, step). The start and step arguments default to None.
sorted()	Return a new sorted list from the items in iterable.
staticmethod()	Transform a method into a static method.
str()	Return a str version of object.
sum()	Sums start and the items of an iterable from left to right and returns the total.
super()	Return a proxy object that delegates method calls to a parent or sibling class of type. This is useful for accessing inherited methods that have been overridden in a class.
tuple()	Rather than being a function, tuple is actually an immutable sequence type
type()	With one argument, return the type of an object.
vars()	Return the __dict__ attribute for a module, class, instance, or any other object with a __dict__ attribute.
zip()	Iterate over several iterables in parallel, producing tuples with an item from each one.
__import__()	This function is invoked by the import statement.